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chemical phenomenon

  • 1 chemical phenomenon

    Космонавтика: химический процесс

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > chemical phenomenon

  • 2 chemical phenomenon

    kimyasal olay

    English-Turkish dictionary > chemical phenomenon

  • 3 chemical phenomenon

    English-Russian mining dictionary > chemical phenomenon

  • 4 chemical phenomenon

    kimyasal olay

    English-Turkish new dictionary > chemical phenomenon

  • 5 physico-chemical phenomenon

    English-Russian mining dictionary > physico-chemical phenomenon

  • 6 phenomenon

    N
    1. दृग्विषय
    Photosynthesis is a bio-chemical phenomenon.

    English-Hindi dictionary > phenomenon

  • 7 electric arc phenomenon

    1. явление электрической дуги

     

    явление электрической дуги
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    Electric arc phenomenon

    The electric arc is a phenomenon which takes place as a consequence of a discharge which occurs when the voltage between two points exceeds the insulating strength limit of the interposed gas; then, in the presence of suitable conditions, a plasma is generated which carries the electric current till the opening of the protective device on the supply side.

    Gases, which are good insulating means under normal conditions, may become current conductors in consequence of a change in their chemical-physical properties due to a temperature rise or to other external factors.

    To understand how an electrical arc originates, reference can be made to what happens when a circuit opens or closes.

    During the opening phase of an electric circuit the contacts of the protective device start to separate thus offering to the current a gradually decreasing section; therefore the current meets growing resistance with a consequent rise in the temperature.

    As soon as the contacts start to separate, the voltage applied to the circuit exceeds the dielectric strength of the air, causing its perforation through a discharge.

    The high temperature causes the ionization of the surrounding air which keeps the current circulating in the form of electrical arc. Besides thermal ionization, there is also an electron emission from the cathode due to the thermionic effect; the ions formed in the gas due to the very high temperature are accelerated by the electric field, strike the cathode, release energy in the collision thus causing a localized heating which generates electron emission.

    The electrical arc lasts till the voltage at its ends supplies the energy sufficient to compensate for the quantity of heat dissipated and to maintain the suitable conditions of temperature. If the arc is elongated and cooled, the conditions necessary for its maintenance lack and it extinguishes.

    Analogously, an arc can originate also as a consequence of a short-circuit between phases. A short-circuit is a low impedance connection between two conductors at different voltages.

    The conducting element which constitutes the low impedance connection (e.g. a metallic tool forgotten on the busbars inside the enclosure, a wrong wiring or a body of an animal entered inside the enclosure), subject to the difference of potential is passed through by a current of generally high value, depending on the characteristics of the circuit.

    The flow of the high fault current causes the overheating of the cables or of the circuit busbars, up to the melting of the conductors of lower section; as soon as the conductor melts, analogous conditions to those present during the circuit opening arise. At that point an arc starts which lasts either till the protective devices intervene or till the conditions necessary for its stability subsist.

    The electric arc is characterized by an intense ionization of the gaseous means, by reduced drops of the anodic and cathodic voltage (10 V and 40 V respectively), by high or very high current density in the middle of the column (of the order of 102-103 up to 107 A/cm2), by very high temperatures (thousands of °C) always in the middle of the current column and – in low voltage - by a distance between the ends variable from some microns to some centimeters.
    [ABB]

    Явление электрической дуги

    Электрическая дуга между двумя электродами в газе представляет собой физическое явление, возникающее в тот момент, когда напряжения между двумя электродами превышает значение электрической прочности изоляции данного газа.
    При наличии подходящих условий образуется плазма, по которой протекает электрический ток. Ток будет протекать до тех пор, пока на стороне электропитания не сработает защитное устройство.

    Газы, являющиеся хорошим изолятором, при нормальных условиях, могут стать проводником в результате изменения их физико-химических свойств, которые могут произойти вследствие увеличения температуры или в результате воздействия каких-либо иных внешних факторов.

    Для того чтобы понять механизм возникновения электрической дуги, следует рассмотреть, что происходит при размыкании или замыкании электрической цепи.

    При размыкании электрической цепи контакты защитного устройства начинают расходиться, в результате чего постепенно уменьшается сечение контактной поверхности, через которую протекает ток.
    Сопротивление электрической цепи возрастает, что приводит к увеличению температуры.

    Как только контакты начнут отходить один от другого, приложенное напряжение превысит электрическую прочность воздуха, что вызовет электрический пробой.

    Высокая температура приведет к ионизации воздуха, которая обеспечит протекание электрического тока по проводнику, представляющему собой электрическую дугу. Кроме термической ионизации молекул воздуха происходит также эмиссия электронов с катода, вызванная термоэлектронным эффектом. Образующиеся под воздействием очень высокой температуры ионы ускоряются в электрическом поле и бомбардируют катод. Высвобождающаяся, в результате столкновения энергия, вызывает локальный нагрев, который, в свою очередь, приводит к эмиссии электронов.

    Электрическая дуга длится до тех пор, пока напряжение на ее концах обеспечивает поступление энергии, достаточной для компенсации выделяющегося тепла и для сохранения условий поддержания высокой температуры. Если дуга вытягивается и охлаждается, то условия, необходимые для ее поддержания, исчезают и дуга гаснет.

    Аналогичным образом возникает дуга в результате короткого замыкания электрической цепи. Короткое замыкание представляет собой низкоомное соединение двух проводников, находящихся под разными потенциалами.

    Проводящий элемент с малым сопротивлением, например, металлический инструмент, забытый на шинах внутри комплектного устройства, ошибка в электромонтаже или тело животного, случайно попавшего в комплектное устройство, может соединить элементы, находящиеся под разными потенциалами, в результате чего через низкоомное соединение потечет электрический ток, значение которого определяется параметрами образовавшейся короткозамкнутой цепи.

    Протекание большого тока короткого замыкания вызывает перегрев кабелей или шин, который может привести к расплавлению проводников с меньшим сечением. Как только проводник расплавится, возникает ситуация, аналогичная размыканию электрической цепи. Т. е. в момент размыкания возникает дуга, которая длится либо до срабатывания защитного устройства, либо до тех пор, пока существуют условия, обеспечивающие её стабильность.

    Электрическая дуга характеризуется интенсивной ионизацией газов, что приводит к падению анодного и катодного напряжений (на 10 и 40 В соответственно), высокой или очень высокой плотностью тока в середине плазменного шнура (от 102-103 до 107 А/см2), очень высокой температурой (сотни градусов Цельсия) всегда в середине плазменного шнура и низкому падению напряжения при расстоянии между концами дуги от нескольких микрон до нескольких сантиметров.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > electric arc phenomenon

  • 8 kimyasal olay

    chemical phenomenon

    Turkish-English dictionary > kimyasal olay

  • 9 chemiczny

    adj
    * * *
    a.
    chemical; analiza chemiczna chemical analysis; budowa chemiczna cząsteczki chemical structure of a particle; cząsteczka chemiczna chemical particle; doświadczenie chemiczne chemical experiment; laboratorium chemiczne chemical laboratory; pierwiastek chemiczny chemical element; równanie chemiczne chemical equation; skład chemiczny (chemical) composition; symbol chemiczny chemical symbol; środek chemiczny chemical agent; wiązanie chemiczne chemical bond; wzór chemiczny chemical formula; związek chemiczny chemical compound; zjawisko chemiczne chemical phenomenon; pralnia chemiczna dry-cleaner's; broń chemiczna chemical weapon; wojna chemiczna chemical warfare.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > chemiczny

  • 10 химический процесс

    1) Construction: chemical behavior
    2) Astronautics: chemical phenomenon

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > химический процесс

  • 11 fenomeno chimico

    [CHIM]

    Dizionario chimica Italiano-Inglese > fenomeno chimico

  • 12 Perkin, Sir William Henry

    [br]
    b. 12 March 1838 London, England
    d. 14 July 1907 Sudbury, England
    [br]
    English chemist, discoverer of aniline dyes, the first synthetic dyestuffs.
    [br]
    He early showed an aptitude for chemistry and in 1853 entered the Royal College of Chemistry as a student under A.W.von Hofmann, the first Professor at the College. By the end of his first year, he had carried out his first piece of chemical research, on the action of cyanogen chloride on phenylamine, which he published in the Journal of the Chemical Society (1857). He became honorary assistant to von Hofmann in 1857; three years previously he had set up his own chemical laboratory at home, where he had discovered the first of the azo dyes, aminoazonapththalene. In 1856 Perkin began work on the synthesis of quinine by oxidizing a salt of allyl toluidine with potassium dichromate. Substituting aniline, he obtained a dark-coloured precipitate which proved to possess dyeing properties: Perkin had discovered the first aniline dye. Upon receiving favourable reports on the new material from manufacturers of dyestuffs, especially Pullars of Perth, Perkin resigned from the College and turned to the commercial exploitation of his discovery. This proved highly successful. From 1858, the dye was manufactured at his Greenford Green works as "Aniline Purple" or "Tyrian Purple". It was later to be referred to by the French as mauve. Perkin's discovery led to the development of the modern dyestuffs industry, supplanting dyes from the traditional vegetable sources. In 1869, he introduced two new methods for making the red dye alizarin, in place of the process that involved the use of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum). In spite of German competition, he dominated the British market until the end of 1873. After eighteen years in chemical industry, Perkin retired and devoted himself entirely to the pure chemical research which he had been pursuing since the 1850s. He eventually contributed ninety papers to the Chemical Society and further papers to other bodies, including the Royal Society. For example, in 1867 he published his synthesis of unsaturated organic acids, known as "Perkin's synthesis". Other papers followed, on the structure of "Aniline Purple". In 1881 Perkin drew attention to the magnetic-rotatory power of some of the substances he had been dealing with. From then on, he devoted particular attention to the application of this phenomenon to the determination of chemical structure.
    Perkin won wide recognition for his discoveries and other contributions to chemistry.
    The half-centenary of his great discovery was celebrated in July 1906 and later that year he received a knighthood.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1906. FRS 1866. President, Chemical Society 1883–5. President, Society of Chemical Industry 1884–5. Royal Society Royal Medal 1879; Davy Medal 1889.
    Bibliography
    26 August 1856, British patent no. 1984 (Aniline Purple).
    1867, "The action of acetic anhydride upon the hydrides of salicyl, etc.", Journal of the Chemical Society 20:586 (the first description of Perkin's synthesis).
    Further Reading
    S.M.Edelstein, 1961, biography in Great Chemists, ed. E.Farber, New York: Interscience, pp. 757–72 (a reliable, short account).
    R.Meldola, 1908, Journal of the Chemical Society 93:2,214–57 (the most detailed account).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Perkin, Sir William Henry

  • 13 zjawisko

    - ka; -ka; instr sg - kiem; nt
    * * *
    n.
    1. nauk. phenomenon; zjawisko chemiczne/fizyczne/meteorologiczne/naturalne/ społeczne chemical/physical/meterological/natural/social phenomenon.
    2. (= coś rzadkiego l. nadzwyczajnego) (rare) phenomenon.
    3. lit. (= zjawa) apparition, vision.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > zjawisko

  • 14 явление электрической дуги

    1. electric arc phenomenon

     

    явление электрической дуги
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    Electric arc phenomenon

    The electric arc is a phenomenon which takes place as a consequence of a discharge which occurs when the voltage between two points exceeds the insulating strength limit of the interposed gas; then, in the presence of suitable conditions, a plasma is generated which carries the electric current till the opening of the protective device on the supply side.

    Gases, which are good insulating means under normal conditions, may become current conductors in consequence of a change in their chemical-physical properties due to a temperature rise or to other external factors.

    To understand how an electrical arc originates, reference can be made to what happens when a circuit opens or closes.

    During the opening phase of an electric circuit the contacts of the protective device start to separate thus offering to the current a gradually decreasing section; therefore the current meets growing resistance with a consequent rise in the temperature.

    As soon as the contacts start to separate, the voltage applied to the circuit exceeds the dielectric strength of the air, causing its perforation through a discharge.

    The high temperature causes the ionization of the surrounding air which keeps the current circulating in the form of electrical arc. Besides thermal ionization, there is also an electron emission from the cathode due to the thermionic effect; the ions formed in the gas due to the very high temperature are accelerated by the electric field, strike the cathode, release energy in the collision thus causing a localized heating which generates electron emission.

    The electrical arc lasts till the voltage at its ends supplies the energy sufficient to compensate for the quantity of heat dissipated and to maintain the suitable conditions of temperature. If the arc is elongated and cooled, the conditions necessary for its maintenance lack and it extinguishes.

    Analogously, an arc can originate also as a consequence of a short-circuit between phases. A short-circuit is a low impedance connection between two conductors at different voltages.

    The conducting element which constitutes the low impedance connection (e.g. a metallic tool forgotten on the busbars inside the enclosure, a wrong wiring or a body of an animal entered inside the enclosure), subject to the difference of potential is passed through by a current of generally high value, depending on the characteristics of the circuit.

    The flow of the high fault current causes the overheating of the cables or of the circuit busbars, up to the melting of the conductors of lower section; as soon as the conductor melts, analogous conditions to those present during the circuit opening arise. At that point an arc starts which lasts either till the protective devices intervene or till the conditions necessary for its stability subsist.

    The electric arc is characterized by an intense ionization of the gaseous means, by reduced drops of the anodic and cathodic voltage (10 V and 40 V respectively), by high or very high current density in the middle of the column (of the order of 102-103 up to 107 A/cm2), by very high temperatures (thousands of °C) always in the middle of the current column and – in low voltage - by a distance between the ends variable from some microns to some centimeters.
    [ABB]

    Явление электрической дуги

    Электрическая дуга между двумя электродами в газе представляет собой физическое явление, возникающее в тот момент, когда напряжения между двумя электродами превышает значение электрической прочности изоляции данного газа.
    При наличии подходящих условий образуется плазма, по которой протекает электрический ток. Ток будет протекать до тех пор, пока на стороне электропитания не сработает защитное устройство.

    Газы, являющиеся хорошим изолятором, при нормальных условиях, могут стать проводником в результате изменения их физико-химических свойств, которые могут произойти вследствие увеличения температуры или в результате воздействия каких-либо иных внешних факторов.

    Для того чтобы понять механизм возникновения электрической дуги, следует рассмотреть, что происходит при размыкании или замыкании электрической цепи.

    При размыкании электрической цепи контакты защитного устройства начинают расходиться, в результате чего постепенно уменьшается сечение контактной поверхности, через которую протекает ток.
    Сопротивление электрической цепи возрастает, что приводит к увеличению температуры.

    Как только контакты начнут отходить один от другого, приложенное напряжение превысит электрическую прочность воздуха, что вызовет электрический пробой.

    Высокая температура приведет к ионизации воздуха, которая обеспечит протекание электрического тока по проводнику, представляющему собой электрическую дугу. Кроме термической ионизации молекул воздуха происходит также эмиссия электронов с катода, вызванная термоэлектронным эффектом. Образующиеся под воздействием очень высокой температуры ионы ускоряются в электрическом поле и бомбардируют катод. Высвобождающаяся, в результате столкновения энергия, вызывает локальный нагрев, который, в свою очередь, приводит к эмиссии электронов.

    Электрическая дуга длится до тех пор, пока напряжение на ее концах обеспечивает поступление энергии, достаточной для компенсации выделяющегося тепла и для сохранения условий поддержания высокой температуры. Если дуга вытягивается и охлаждается, то условия, необходимые для ее поддержания, исчезают и дуга гаснет.

    Аналогичным образом возникает дуга в результате короткого замыкания электрической цепи. Короткое замыкание представляет собой низкоомное соединение двух проводников, находящихся под разными потенциалами.

    Проводящий элемент с малым сопротивлением, например, металлический инструмент, забытый на шинах внутри комплектного устройства, ошибка в электромонтаже или тело животного, случайно попавшего в комплектное устройство, может соединить элементы, находящиеся под разными потенциалами, в результате чего через низкоомное соединение потечет электрический ток, значение которого определяется параметрами образовавшейся короткозамкнутой цепи.

    Протекание большого тока короткого замыкания вызывает перегрев кабелей или шин, который может привести к расплавлению проводников с меньшим сечением. Как только проводник расплавится, возникает ситуация, аналогичная размыканию электрической цепи. Т. е. в момент размыкания возникает дуга, которая длится либо до срабатывания защитного устройства, либо до тех пор, пока существуют условия, обеспечивающие её стабильность.

    Электрическая дуга характеризуется интенсивной ионизацией газов, что приводит к падению анодного и катодного напряжений (на 10 и 40 В соответственно), высокой или очень высокой плотностью тока в середине плазменного шнура (от 102-103 до 107 А/см2), очень высокой температурой (сотни градусов Цельсия) всегда в середине плазменного шнура и низкому падению напряжения при расстоянии между концами дуги от нескольких микрон до нескольких сантиметров.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > явление электрической дуги

  • 15 fenómeno físico

    Ex. Entities may be physical, eg matter, or physical phenomena; chemical, eg molecular states, minerals; biological, ie living beings; or artefacts, ie manufactured items.
    * * *

    Ex: Entities may be physical, eg matter, or physical phenomena; chemical, eg molecular states, minerals; biological, ie living beings; or artefacts, ie manufactured items.

    Spanish-English dictionary > fenómeno físico

  • 16 liberación

    f.
    1 liberation, release, deliverance, disengagement.
    2 exoneration.
    3 release.
    * * *
    1 (de una dependencia) liberation; (de una persona) freeing, release
    2 (de hipoteca) redemption
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF [gen] liberation; [de preso] release; [de precios] deregulation
    * * *
    1) (de preso, rehén) release, freeing; (de pueblo, país) liberation
    2) ( de precios) deregulation; ( de recursos) release
    3) (de energía, calor) release
    * * *
    = liberation, relief, release, deliverance.
    Ex. Religion is associated with oppression and bigotry on the one hand and with liberation and compassion on the other.
    Ex. Dialog also wants relief from outstanding royalty claims from the American Chemical Society.
    Ex. But first we must create the conditions for single-mindedness and hence the release of our energies (one senses much pent-up energy mixed up with our professional frustrations).
    Ex. The author discusses the phenomenon of votive paintings of ships, typically donated to churches by crews and captains as a token of thanks for deliverance from danger.
    ----
    * liberación de la mujer = women's liberation.
    * liberación del hombre = men's liberation.
    * liberación de los homosexuales = gay liberation.
    * liberación nacional = national liberation.
    * movimiento de liberación nacional = national liberation movement.
    * * *
    1) (de preso, rehén) release, freeing; (de pueblo, país) liberation
    2) ( de precios) deregulation; ( de recursos) release
    3) (de energía, calor) release
    * * *
    = liberation, relief, release, deliverance.

    Ex: Religion is associated with oppression and bigotry on the one hand and with liberation and compassion on the other.

    Ex: Dialog also wants relief from outstanding royalty claims from the American Chemical Society.
    Ex: But first we must create the conditions for single-mindedness and hence the release of our energies (one senses much pent-up energy mixed up with our professional frustrations).
    Ex: The author discusses the phenomenon of votive paintings of ships, typically donated to churches by crews and captains as a token of thanks for deliverance from danger.
    * liberación de la mujer = women's liberation.
    * liberación del hombre = men's liberation.
    * liberación de los homosexuales = gay liberation.
    * liberación nacional = national liberation.
    * movimiento de liberación nacional = national liberation movement.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de un preso, rehén) release, freeing
    2 (de un pueblo, país) liberation
    Compuesto:
    la liberación de la mujer Women's Liberation, Women's Lib
    B
    1 (de precios) deregulation
    2 (de recursos) release
    C (de energía, calor) release
    * * *

    liberación sustantivo femenino (de preso, rehén) release, freeing;
    (de pueblo, país) liberation;

    liberación f (de una ciudad) liberation
    (de un prisionero) release, freeing

    ' liberación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    GAL
    - rescate
    English:
    discharge
    - liberation
    - PLO
    - release
    * * *
    1. [de ciudad, país] liberation;
    [de rehén, prisionero] freeing liberación femenina women's liberation;
    liberación de la mujer women's liberation;
    liberación sexual sexual liberation
    2. [de hipoteca] redemption
    * * *
    f release; de un país liberation
    * * *
    liberación nf, pl - ciones : liberation, deliverance
    liberación de la mujer: women's liberation
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > liberación

  • 17 mencionar

    v.
    to mention.
    Ella nombra razones She names reasons.
    * * *
    1 to mention, cite
    * * *
    verb
    * * *

    sin mencionar... — not to mention..., let alone...

    * * *
    verbo transitivo to mention

    el tema mencionado anteriormente — the aforementioned o abovementioned matter (frml)

    * * *
    = give, make + mention of, mention, name, note, quote, record, refer to, reference, touch on/upon, broach, bring + Nombre + up, speak to, make + reference to.
    Ex. An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex. The LC cataloging made no mention of the fact that this book had been severely censored.
    Ex. Some of these codes have been mentioned in chapter 4.
    Ex. The author statement may, for example, name all of a string of authors, or just the first named.
    Ex. In the future, a number of further developments can be fairly confidently predicted in addition to the expansion of those noted above.
    Ex. Guidelines can be expected to discuss standard forms of quoting chemical nomenclature and mathematical expressions.
    Ex. Editors and compilers of editions of works are recorded together with the edition statement in the edition area = En en área de edición se incluyen los editores y compiladores de las ediciones de trabajos junto con la mención de edición.
    Ex. A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, periodical articles or reports).
    Ex. Only a single copy of the name, subject heading, etc., would be maintained in the system and referenced by every bibliographic record using that heading.
    Ex. A cataloguing code also touches on the subject of bibliographic description.
    Ex. Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.
    Ex. The reason I didn't bring this up in my paper is that I've learned from bitter experience that it's well to be radical about one thing at a time.
    Ex. Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.
    Ex. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction by making reference to different types of asexual reproduction in plants and animals.
    ----
    * ahora que lo menciono = speaking of which.
    * mencionar de nuevo = restate [re-state].
    * mencionar de nuevo innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].
    * mencionar de pasada = make + passing mention.
    * mencionarse = appear.
    * mencionarse en conversación = come up + discussion.
    * mencionar una cuestión = bring up + matter, bring up + point.
    * mencionar una idea = bring up + idea.
    * mencionar un problema = bring + problem up.
    * mencionar un punto = touch on + a point.
    * mencionar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, touch on + a point.
    * no poder dejar de mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.
    * por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.
    * por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.
    * por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.
    * por no mencionar = not to mention.
    * (que se menciona) a continuación = below.
    * sin mencionar = not to mention, not to say, not to speak of.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to mention

    el tema mencionado anteriormente — the aforementioned o abovementioned matter (frml)

    * * *
    = give, make + mention of, mention, name, note, quote, record, refer to, reference, touch on/upon, broach, bring + Nombre + up, speak to, make + reference to.

    Ex: An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.

    Ex: The LC cataloging made no mention of the fact that this book had been severely censored.
    Ex: Some of these codes have been mentioned in chapter 4.
    Ex: The author statement may, for example, name all of a string of authors, or just the first named.
    Ex: In the future, a number of further developments can be fairly confidently predicted in addition to the expansion of those noted above.
    Ex: Guidelines can be expected to discuss standard forms of quoting chemical nomenclature and mathematical expressions.
    Ex: Editors and compilers of editions of works are recorded together with the edition statement in the edition area = En en área de edición se incluyen los editores y compiladores de las ediciones de trabajos junto con la mención de edición.
    Ex: A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, periodical articles or reports).
    Ex: Only a single copy of the name, subject heading, etc., would be maintained in the system and referenced by every bibliographic record using that heading.
    Ex: A cataloguing code also touches on the subject of bibliographic description.
    Ex: Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.
    Ex: The reason I didn't bring this up in my paper is that I've learned from bitter experience that it's well to be radical about one thing at a time.
    Ex: Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.
    Ex: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction by making reference to different types of asexual reproduction in plants and animals.
    * ahora que lo menciono = speaking of which.
    * mencionar de nuevo = restate [re-state].
    * mencionar de nuevo innecesariamente = belabour [belabor, -USA].
    * mencionar de pasada = make + passing mention.
    * mencionarse = appear.
    * mencionarse en conversación = come up + discussion.
    * mencionar una cuestión = bring up + matter, bring up + point.
    * mencionar una idea = bring up + idea.
    * mencionar un problema = bring + problem up.
    * mencionar un punto = touch on + a point.
    * mencionar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, touch on + a point.
    * no poder dejar de mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.
    * por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.
    * por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.
    * por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.
    * por no mencionar = not to mention.
    * (que se menciona) a continuación = below.
    * sin mencionar = not to mention, not to say, not to speak of.

    * * *
    mencionar [A1 ]
    vt
    to mention
    con referencia al tema mencionado anteriormente with reference to the aforementioned o abovementioned matter ( frml)
    no quiero oír mencionar ese nombre I don't want to hear that name mentioned
    * * *

     

    mencionar ( conjugate mencionar) verbo transitivo
    to mention;

    mencionar verbo transitivo to mention ➣ Ver nota en mention

    ' mencionar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    citar
    - comentar
    - nombrar
    - aludir
    - omitir
    - señor
    - señorita
    English:
    mention
    - name-dropping
    - rake up
    - touch
    - touch on
    - you-know-who
    - broach
    - name
    - wrong
    * * *
    to mention;
    en el mencionado estudio se afirma que… in the above-mentioned study it is stated that…
    * * *
    v/t mention
    * * *
    : to mention, to refer to
    * * *
    mencionar vb to mention

    Spanish-English dictionary > mencionar

  • 18 redención

    f.
    1 redemption, rescue, exemption, liberation.
    2 Redencion.
    * * *
    1 redemption
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF (Rel) redemption; (Econ) repayment, redemption frm; (Jur) reduction in sentence
    * * *
    femenino redemption
    * * *
    = relief, redemption, deliverance.
    Ex. Dialog also wants relief from outstanding royalty claims from the American Chemical Society.
    Ex. God offers penitents redemption but also bestows His 'common grace' on all.
    Ex. The author discusses the phenomenon of votive paintings of ships, typically donated to churches by crews and captains as a token of thanks for deliverance from danger.
    * * *
    femenino redemption
    * * *
    = relief, redemption, deliverance.

    Ex: Dialog also wants relief from outstanding royalty claims from the American Chemical Society.

    Ex: God offers penitents redemption but also bestows His 'common grace' on all.
    Ex: The author discusses the phenomenon of votive paintings of ships, typically donated to churches by crews and captains as a token of thanks for deliverance from danger.

    * * *
    1 ( Relig) redemption
    2 (de un cautivo) redemption ( frml), ransoming; (de un esclavo) redemption
    3 (de una hipoteca) repayment, redemption ( frml); (de una joya) redemption
    * * *
    1. [salvación] redemption
    2. [de esclavo] redemption
    3. [de penas] reduction
    4. Fin [de hipoteca] repayment, redemption
    * * *
    f redemption
    * * *
    redención nf, pl - ciones : redemption

    Spanish-English dictionary > redención

  • 19 natural

    1. adjective
    1) natürlich; Natur[zustand, -begabung, -talent, -seide, -schwamm, -faser, -erscheinung]

    the natural world — die Natur[welt]

    it is natural for dogs to fight — es ist natürlich, dass Hunde kämpfen

    die of or from natural causes — eines natürlichen Todes sterben

    have a natural tendency to... — naturgemäß dazu neigen,... zu...

    2) (unaffected) natürlich [Art, Lächeln, Stil]
    3) leiblich [Eltern, Kind usw.]; natürlich (Rechtsspr. veralt.) [Kind]
    2. noun
    (person) Naturtalent, das
    * * *
    ['næ ərəl] 1. adjective
    1) (of or produced by nature, not made by men: Coal, oil etc are natural resources; Wild animals are happier in their natural state than in a zoo.) natürlich
    2) (born in a person: natural beauty; He had a natural ability for music.) angeboren
    4) (normal; as one would expect: It's quite natural for a boy of his age to be interested in girls.) natürlich
    5) (of a musical note, not sharp or flat: G natural is lower in pitch than G sharp.) ohne Vorzeichen
    2. noun
    1) (a person who is naturally good at something.) das Naturtalent
    2) (in music (a sign () indicating) a note which is not to be played sharp or flat.) das Auflösungszeichen
    •
    - academic.ru/49165/naturalist">naturalist
    - naturally
    - natural gas
    - natural history
    - natural resources
    * * *
    natu·ral
    [ˈnætʃərəl, AM -ɚəl]
    I. adj
    1. (not artificial) flavour, ingredients, mineral water natürlich; colour, curls, dye, fertilizer Natur-; SCI natürlich
    \natural abundance NUCL natürliche Isotopenhäufigkeit
    \natural oscillation Eigenschwingung f
    \natural sciences pl Naturwissenschaften pl
    to be a \natural blonde naturblondes Haar haben
    \natural fibre [or AM fiber] Naturfaser f
    \natural material Naturprodukt m
    \natural pearls echte Perlen
    \natural phenomenon Naturphänomen nt
    2. (as in nature) harbour, reservoir, camouflage natürlich; fabric, wood naturbelassen; MATH nicht logarithmisch
    \natural state Naturzustand m
    it's not \natural for a woman to be so thin es ist gegen die weibliche Natur, so dünn zu sein
    3. (caused by nature) natürlich
    \natural causes natürliche Ursachen
    to die from \natural causes eines natürlichen Todes sterben
    \natural disaster Naturkatastrophe f
    4. (inborn) angeboren
    he has a \natural talent for sports er hat eine natürliche Begabung für Sport
    to be a \natural leader ein geborener Führer/eine geborene Führerin sein
    5. BIOL, SOCIOL
    \natural father/mother/parents leiblicher Vater/leibliche Mutter/Eltern
    6. (normal) natürlich, normal
    I'm sure there's a \natural explanation for it ich bin sicher, es gibt dafür eine ganz normale Erklärung
    it's quite \natural... es ist ganz natürlich,...
    \natural inclination Neigung f
    \natural wastage ECON natürliche Fluktuation
    7. after n MUS ohne Vorzeichen nach n
    8. MATH number natürlich
    II. n
    1. ( approv fam) Naturtalent nt
    to be a \natural for sth ein Naturtalent für etw akk sein
    she is a \natural for the role of Ophelia sie ist die Idealbesetzung für die Rolle der Ophelia
    he is a \natural for that type of work Arbeit dieser Art liegt ihm
    as a teacher, he's a \natural er ist der ideale Lehrer
    2. MUS Auflösungszeichen nt
    * * *
    ['ntSrəl]
    1. adj
    1) natürlich, Natur-; rights naturgegeben; (= understandable) mistake verständlich

    it is ( only) natural for you/him to think... — es ist nur natürlich, dass Sie denken/er denkt...

    in its natural state — im Naturzustand

    2) (= chemical-free) food, hair colour natürlich

    she is a natural blonde — sie ist von Natur aus blond, blond ist ihre natürliche Haarfarbe

    3) (= inborn) gift, ability, quality angeboren

    he is a natural artist/comedian —

    4) (= unaffected) manner natürlich, ungekünstelt; person, charm natürlich
    5) (MATH) number natürlich
    6) parents leiblich; (old) child natürlich
    2. n
    1) (MUS) (= symbol) Auflösungszeichen nt; (= note) Note f ohne Vorzeichen; (= note with a natural symbol) Note f mit Auflösungszeichen

    B natural — H, h

    D natural — D, d

    See:
    → also major, minor
    2) (inf: person) Naturtalent nt
    3) (inf: life) Leben nt

    I've never heard the like in all my natural — ich habe so was mein Lebtag noch nicht gehört (inf)

    4) (old: idiot) Einfaltspinsel m
    * * *
    natural [ˈnætʃrəl]
    A adj (adv → naturally)
    1. natürlich, Natur…:
    a natural blonde eine echte Blondine;
    die a natural death eines natürlichen Todes sterben;
    natural disaster Naturkatastrophe f;
    there is a natural explanation for it es gibt eine natürliche Erklärung dafür;
    natural ice Natureis n;
    natural law Naturgesetz n;
    natural wonder Naturwunder n; → person 1, representative A 1
    2. naturgemäß, der menschlichen Natur entsprechend
    3. naturbedingt, den Naturgesetzen entsprechend oder folgend
    4. angeboren, eigen ( beide:
    to dat):
    natural talent natürliche Begabung
    5. geboren (Führungsperson etc)
    6. real, wirklich, physisch
    7. selbstverständlich, natürlich:
    it comes quite natural to him es fällt ihm leicht
    8. natürlich, ungezwungen, ungekünstelt (Benehmen etc)
    9. üblich, normal, natürlich:
    it is natural for him to get drunk es ist ganz normal, dass er sich betrinkt; → wastage 1
    10. naturgetreu, natürlich wirkend (Nachahmung, Bild etc)
    11. unbearbeitet, Natur…, Roh…:
    natural food naturbelassene Lebensmittel pl
    12. naturhaft, urwüchsig:
    natural landscape Naturlandschaft f
    13. a) unehelich
    b) leiblich (Eltern etc)
    14. BOT in der Natur oder wild wachsend
    15. MATH natürlich (Logarithmus, Zahl)
    16. MUS
    a) ohne Vorzeichen
    b) mit einem Auflösungszeichen (versehen) (Note)
    c) Vokal…:
    B s
    1. obs Idiot(in), Schwachsinnige(r) m/f(m)
    2. umg
    a) Naturtalent n (Person):
    be a natural for (wie) geboren oder geschaffen sein für
    b) (sicherer) Erfolg (auch Person), (eine) klare Sache‘ ( for sb für jemanden)
    3. MUS
    a) Auflösungszeichen n
    b) aufgelöste Note
    c) Stammton m
    d) weiße Taste (einer Klaviatur)
    nat. abk
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) natürlich; Natur[zustand, -begabung, -talent, -seide, -schwamm, -faser, -erscheinung]

    the natural world — die Natur[welt]

    it is natural for dogs to fight — es ist natürlich, dass Hunde kämpfen

    die of or from natural causes — eines natürlichen Todes sterben

    have a natural tendency to... — naturgemäß dazu neigen,... zu...

    2) (unaffected) natürlich [Art, Lächeln, Stil]
    3) leiblich [Eltern, Kind usw.]; natürlich (Rechtsspr. veralt.) [Kind]
    2. noun
    (person) Naturtalent, das
    * * *
    adj.
    naturgemäß adj.
    natürlich adj. n.
    natürliche Zahl (Mathematik) f.

    English-german dictionary > natural

  • 20 связан

    •

    This subfraction binds to the tissue DNA (биол.).

    •

    These stars are bound by mutual attraction.

    •

    The camera range finder is coupled with the focusing mechanism.

    •

    The enamel coating is bonded to metal by fusion.

    II
    •

    This phenomenon is associated (or connected) with (or is due to) magnetic storms.

    •

    Control is directly related to the steam generation rate through the temperature coefficient.

    •

    This is an intricate process which entails the consideration of approximating sums.

    •

    The acceptance or rejection of the food depends upon its taste, which is usually related to its nutritive or harmful qualities.

    •

    The rate of bleaching must be connected (or correlated) with the formation and decomposition of HOCI.

    •

    All these tests involve the breaking of a test piece.

    •

    Doubtlessly this constancy is correlated to the active role played by...

    •

    The momentum carried by a photon is related to the photon's energy by the equation...

    •

    The collision theory is tied to the kinetic-molecular theory.

    •

    The production and use of ionic compounds are inevitably linked to (or with) the deterioration of the environment.

    •

    Another uncertainty stems from the difficulty of...

    •

    One difficulty concerns the use of hydrogen cyanide as a condensing agent.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > связан

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